How to renew your body: Fasting and autophagy

 In 2016, the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet granted the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his revelations of instruments for autophagy. 

However, what is autophagy? The word gets from the Greek auto (self) and phagein (to eat). So the word in a real sense intends to eat oneself. Basically, this is the body's system of disposing of all the separated, old cell hardware (organelles, proteins and cell films) when there's not, at this point enough energy to support it. It is a controlled, methodical cycle to debase and reuse cell parts. 

junker_sot_up-300x200There is a comparative, better referred to handle called apoptosis otherwise called customized cell demise. Cells, after a specific number of division, are customized to kick the bucket. While this may sound sort of ghastly from the start, understand that this cycle is basic in keeping up great wellbeing. For instance, assume you own a vehicle. You love this vehicle. You have extraordinary recollections in it. You love to ride it. 

Be that as it may, following a couple of years, it begins to gaze sort of beat upward. After a couple of additional, it's not looking so incredible. The vehicle is costing you a huge number of dollars consistently to keep up. It's separating constantly. Is it better to keep it around when it's only a hunk of garbage? Clearly not. So you dispose of it and purchase a sweet new vehicle. 

Something very similar occurs in the body. Cells become old and lousy. It is better that they be modified to pass on when their valuable life is finished. It sounds truly unfeeling, yet such is reality. That is the cycle of apoptosis, where cells are pre-bound to pass on after a specific measure of time. It resembles renting a vehicle. After a specific measure of time, you dispose of the vehicle, if it's actually working. At that point you get another vehicle. You don't need to stress over it separating at the absolute worst time. 

Autophagy – supplanting old pieces of the cell 

A similar cycle additionally occurs at a sub-cell level. You don't really have to supplant the whole vehicle. Now and again, you simply need to supplant the battery, toss out the bygone one and get another one. This likewise occurs in the cells. Rather than murdering off the whole cell (apoptosis), you just need to supplant some phone parts. That is the cycle of autophagy, where sub-cell organelles are devastated and new ones are remade to supplant it. Old cell layers, organelles and other cell trash can be eliminated. This is finished by sending it to the lysosome which is a particular organelle containing compounds to debase proteins. 

zh10080957560005-1Autophagy was first depicted in 1962 when analysts noticed an expansion in the quantity of lysosomes (the piece of the cell that demolishes stuff) in rodent liver cells in the wake of injecting glucagon. The Nobel prize winning researcher Christian de Duve begat the term autophagy. Harmed sub cell parts and unused proteins become set apart for annihilation and afterward shipped off the lysosomes to complete the work. 

One of the vital controllers of autophagy is the kinase called mammalian objective of rapamycin (mTOR). At the point when mTOR is initiated, it smothers autophagy, and when torpid, it advances it. 

What enacts autophagy? 

Supplement hardship is the critical activator of autophagy. Recollect that glucagon is somewhat the contrary hormone to insulin. It resembles the game we played as children – 'inverse day'. In the event that insulin goes up, glucagon goes down. On the off chance that insulin goes down, glucagon goes up. As we eat, insulin goes up and glucagon goes down. At the point when we don't eat (quick) insulin goes down and glucagon goes up. This expansion in glucagon invigorates the cycle of autophagy. Indeed, fasting (raises glucagon) gives the best known lift to autophagy. 

Fasting is really unquestionably more valuable than simply invigorating autophagy. It does two beneficial things. By animating autophagy, we are getting out the entirety of our old, lousy proteins and cell parts. Simultaneously, fasting likewise invigorates development hormone, which advises our body to begin delivering some new great parts for the body. We are truly giving our bodies the total redesign. 

You need to dispose of the old stuff before you can place in new stuff. Consider remodeling your kitchen. On the off chance that you have old 1970s style lime green cupboards lounging around, you need to garbage them prior to placing in some new ones. So the cycle of annihilation (evacuation) is similarly as significant as the cycle of creation. In the event that you basically attempted to place in new cupboards without taking out the old ones, it wouldn't look so hot. So fasting may somehow or another opposite the maturing cycle, by disposing of old cell garbage and supplanting it with new parts. 

An exceptionally controlled cycle 

Autophagy is an exceptionally directed cycle. On the off chance that it goes crazy, wild, this would be negative, so it should be painstakingly controlled. In mammalian cells, complete consumption of amino acids is a solid sign for autophagy, however the job of individual amino acids is more factor. In any case, the plasma amino corrosive levels shift just a bit. Amino corrosive signs and development factor/insulin signals are thought to combine on the mTOR pathway – now and then called the expert controller of supplement flagging. 

In this way, during autophagy, old cell segments are stalled into the segment amino acids (the structure square of proteins). What befalls these amino acids? In the beginning phases of starvation, amino corrosive levels begin to increment. It is imagined that these amino acids got from autophagy are conveyed to the liver for gluconeogenesis. They can likewise be separated into glucose through the carboxyl corrosive (TCA) cycle. The third likely destiny of amino acids is to be consolidated into new proteins. 

The results of collecting old awful proteins everywhere can be found in two primary conditions – Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and malignant growth. Alzheimer's Disease includes the gathering of irregular protein – either amyloid beta or Tau protein which gums up the cerebrum framework. Despite the fact that we don't yet have clinical preliminary proof for this, it would bode well that a cycle like autophagy that can get out old protein could forestall the improvement of AD. 

What turns off autophagy? Eating. Glucose, insulin (or diminished glucagon) and proteins all mood killer this self-cleaning measure. Also, it doesn't take a lot. Indeed, even a modest quantity of amino corrosive (leucine) could stop autophagy cold. So this cycle of autophagy is exceptional to fasting – something not found in basic caloric limitation or abstaining from excessive food intake. 

There is an equilibrium here, obviously. You become ill from an excess of autophagy just as excessively little. Which gets us back to the normal pattern of life – banquet and quick. Not steady slimming down. This considers cell development during eating, and cell purifying during fasting – balance. Life is about equilibrium.

Possible effects of fasting

Possible effects of fasting:

1. Clean and purify the body, mind and emotions, and eliminate toxins.

2. Resting in the stomach and intestines, the usual digestive system discomfort is reduced, the intake of nutrients is better and the food intake is reduced.

3. Improved mental clarity, refreshed energy, tired body and back pain.

4. Increased physical fitness, full of energy, inspiration, calm mood, and relieved of emotional distress.

5. Better vision and skin, better sleep quality and shorter time required.

6. Weight loss, smooth excretion and elimination of edema.

7. When the intake of toxic foods is stopped, the body automatically eliminates the toxicity of such foods, and you want to

The desire and habit of eating more will decrease, and the awareness and behavior ability to listen to physical and mental needs will become stronger.

Netizens’ experience of 48 hours fasting experience

The following is the experience of netizens, for your reference.

First day

0830 Woke up for a cup of coffee, and took another cup to go out.

1600 I was a little hungry at first, but I was overwhelmed by drinking a little more water.

2000 I feel my head is chaotic, and I am in a bad mood. After soaking in salt water and drinking it, it is better. It should be because of unstable blood sodium. Then I took vitamins and calcium powder.

2230 I wanted to sleep, so I lay down for an hour. I don't know if I was tired or something. After taking a shower, I lost one kilogram of weight, but most of it should be water? Although I drink a lot of water throughout the day.

The next day

0400 My stomach keeps grunting, but I don't want to eat very much (hunger and appetite are two different things!), eat a pack of probiotics before going to bed.

1030 Wake up and feel good, but I have symptoms of low blood pressure. Do some simple exercises (plank support, aerial cycling, yoga stretching, etc.).

1200 drank a cup of coffee.

1430 Observed the body while changing clothes, because the stomach disappeared obviously without food, and the skin looked pale. His head is a little dizzy, he is walking and his stomach is empty, but he still has little appetite. I ate a vitamin before going out and soaked in sea salt lemonade. I hope I don’t pass out during the closing class today. Haha

2300 I got off work alive and drank a little sea salt lemonade when I was uncomfortable, but I was still tired and unhappy. Going to sing with friends later should start eating, so this fast is about 48 hours.

In conclusion

I have the habit of fasting at 8-16. I tried 6-18 or 4-20 a while ago, so you should measure your physical condition before trying!

In fact, this fast is very temporary

I originally wanted to challenge 72 hours at a time, but I was too hasty. It might be 60 next week and 72 next week. Successful update next week

A simple way to get ketones fast-egg fast

 Eggs are the source of life and are very nutritious. They are really rare supplements for the common people.

Without further ado, how do you do egg fasting?

Egg fasting, as the name implies, is to eat eggs all day long. Of course, it is not random eating, but has principles and rules:

For the first time, eat the first meal of eggs within 30 minutes of getting up every day. If you are already ketogenic, of course you are not hungry or not, but those who practice egg fasting are those who have broken ketones or are not ketones. In order to avoid hunger and discomfort due to low blood sugar, you should eat egg-rich eggs as soon as possible after getting up

Eggs are rich in nutrition, but not enough fat. Therefore, it is recommended that during the egg fasting period, one tablespoon of healthy fat should be used for each egg. Of course, this is an approximation, oil filling is absolutely unnecessary, but at least 3-5 tablespoons of good fat should be consumed a day. Fat selection can be coconut oil, olive oil, butter, lard, duck oil and avocado

Every 3 hours, at most 5 hours, I have to eat a meal of eggs. As above, most people who practice egg fasting are those who have broken ketones or have not entered ketones, so even if they are not hungry, they must eat eggs to stabilize blood sugar and prevent discomfort due to hunger.

Finally, for body nutrition, eat at least 6 eggs a day, and don’t eat it 3 hours before bedtime

How to match the right food during a light fast

Light fasting has become a very popular new way of healthy living. The most common and easy way to do is to follow a normal diet 5 days a week and light fasting 2 days (ie 500 calories for women and 600 calories for men).

But what does 500 or 600 calories look like?

Knowing that making the best food choices is the key to a successful 5:2 fasting diet.

Here are some helpful suggestions:

On fasting days, the daily calorie intake should be within the range of 500 or 600 calories, and many people will feel hungry. Under normal circumstances, eating 500 or 600 calories will lead to hunger, especially at the beginning of the implementation of this plan, often entangled in considering how much to eat in a day, what to eat, hunger is particularly obvious.

Foods with high protein content and low gastrointestinal index should be selected. Choosing foods with a low gastrointestinal index and/or high protein content can ensure that you will not experience any sharp fluctuations in blood sugar, subsequent food cravings, or uncomfortable empty feelings in the stomach. But doing so does not mean that you must always live on a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.

Fasting days are not an absolute limit on fat intake, but low-fat foods are recommended. Choose healthy fats such as extra virgin olive oil, coconut oil, walnut oil, avocado oil, ghee, or organic butter from grass-fed cattle. To limit the amount of fat, for example, add a teaspoon of olive oil to a mixed green salad, rather than just as much.

If you need the feeling of fullness, choosing a salad is a good choice. It is difficult to limit calories from excessive consumption of dark green leafy vegetables, so you can eat more spring mixed vegetables or spinach.

Pay attention to taste. The more flavors, the higher the satisfaction. The more delicious a food, the more satisfying it is to eat. Adding some lemon juice or orange juice or some citrus flavor to your meals can increase the flavor of the food you eat and make them more delicious.

Use a kitchen scale. In order to get the most accurate calorie count, the food needs to be weighed and measured after it is prepared.

Avoid white starch carbohydrates on fasting days. These white carbohydrates include white bread, white rice, pasta and white potatoes.

Drink more water. Thirst often manifests as hunger. More than 70% of the human body is liquid, so drink at least 8 glasses of liquid every day, especially water. On fast days, drink more liquids (within 10 to 12 8-ounce glasses). Therefore, when you feel hungry, drinking a cup of herbal tea, green tea or unsweetened black tea, a cup of black coffee, or a large cup of water will not only help fill your stomach, but also keep your mind away from hunger. You can try adding cucumber, mint or strawberry to the filtered water, or adding ice cubes.

If you are fasting, do not eat fruit.

Do not drink alcoholic beverages when fasting.

A 2012 study found that many people consume more than 300 calories per day from alcohol.

How to increase autophagy without fasting

There are some methods that can increase autophagy without enduring fasting, or adding these methods with intermittent fasting can promote autophagy even more.

1. Aerobic exercise

Cardiopulmonary exercise is one of the methods that have been proven to increase autophagy. A study published in the journal Autophagy found that surrounding tissues such as the liver, muscles, heart, and even the brain will induce autophagy during aerobic exercise. In simple terms, this is an adaptation to a stressor.

It can be said that when you are doing aerobic exercise (low-intensity exercise), this low-intensity exercise only needs enough extra energy to provide the body with the need to increase efficiency; in order to increase efficiency, it abandons those we don’t The part of discarded cells needed.

If the exercise intensity is increased, the body will enter a high-pressure mode, and the effect of autophagy begins to weaken. Therefore, maintaining proper exercise intensity can improve the body's autophagy ability, the main reasons are:

(1) Depletion of Acetyl Coenzyme A. When you run out of fuel (glucose), the body starts autophagy; when you run out of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, the body starts to increase autophagy (because there is no food available).

(2) Reduce mTOR. mTOR is the activation signal of autophagy, and it releases the signal of autophagy when lifting weight, gaining muscle, or even gaining fat. Their relationship is very similar to the relationship between insulin and blood sugar. When autophagy is high, mTOR will be low, and when mTOR is high, autophagy capacity will be low, and the two constantly maintain a balance.

When you are doing some relaxing exercises, the mTOR is low, and the autophagy ability is increased; when you are doing high-intensity exercise, the mTOR is increased and the autophagy ability is reduced. Because the body is only trying to repair and build, rather than digest all the energy reserves.

(3) Improve AMPK. AMPK is an energy sensor in the body. When you run out of fuel, this sensor will turn on the switch to start absorbing energy from body fat and the entire body, including absorbing old cells. This is autophagy and this is also cardiopulmonary exercise. Such a powerful place.

2. High-intensity intermittent exercise

This seems to contradict the previous theory? Actually otherwise, the key is intermittent. You may not get very good results at the beginning, but as long as you persist, you will slowly feel its benefits.

When doing high-intensity interval training, the body enters a low-oxygen environment, and intense exercise makes oxygen preferentially used by cardiopulmonary activities, which makes cells unable to get oxygen and die, which is called apoptosis. Apoptosis is a good thing, it is also necessary for the human body.

At the beginning of high-intensity aerobic exercise, some cells will die, but when your body becomes accustomed to high-intensity exercise, the cells will begin to adapt and begin to replace apoptosis through autophagy.

A paper published in the journal "PLOS ONE" studied interval training and medium-intensity continuous training (a bit high-intensity but not high-intensity interval). Compared with the control group, the researchers found that interval training and continuous training Autophagy increased regularly in the moderate-intensity training group, which was better than the control group.

It can be seen that high-intensity interval training triggers more autophagy after five weeks. Although high-intensity interval training does not help autophagy in the short term, it will help autophagy as long as it persists.

3. Green tea

Green tea may be one of the most helpful foods for promoting autophagy. A paper in the journal "PLOS ONE" found that the polyphenols and catechins in green tea (such as EGCG) help to promote autophagy. It can promote the formation of autophagosomes in the liver. In addition, green tea also Can trigger some AMPL.

4. Coffee

General coffee and decaffeinated coffee can promote autophagy, also because it contains polyphenols. The polyphenols in coffee seem to stimulate autophagy by stopping mTOR. Remember the relationship between mTOR and autophagy?

1~4 hours after drinking coffee, the polyphenols in coffee will inhibit mTOR. In addition, the caffeine in coffee can also promote autophagy through AMPK. Coffee has a double effect. If you like coffee, drink some, especially during fasting, because drinking coffee during fasting will enhance fasting autophagy. effect.

5.Ginger

You can add a little ginger to the water when fasting. The active ingredient of ginger, 6-singerenol, has been studied in the cancer field. It can inhibit the downstream pathways of AKT (protein kinase) and mTOR. Ginger can induce autophagy by inhibiting mTOR, so that you can enter autophagy faster. Bring a little ginger in the morning, add a little ginger to the ketogenic diet, and add a little ginger to the water during fasting to get better results.

6. Ketogenic diet

When our body is in a state of ketosis, it will trigger the body's autophagy response.

Netizens’ experience of indirect fasting

The following is the experience of netizens, for your reference.

I have been doing "intermittent fasting" for the past two months. This latest fasting method not only cures diabetes thoroughly, but is also good for cancer and other diseases because it helps you eliminate harmful sugars in your body. Weight and fat help you lose weight. Obesity directly causes many diseases, and the body is naturally healthy. Also, when you are older, your brain is not clear. After eliminating excess sugar and fat, your brain will become clear and your memory will be significantly improved.

I have lost 20 pounds in two months, my waist circumference has been reduced from 32 to 28 inches, my belly has completely disappeared, and my spirits are better than before. Now I travel 10 miles every day, which is totally inappropriate.

At the beginning, you can do 12/12 fast. This method is very simple: let you not eat at all for 12 hours a day, for example, if you eat dinner at 6 o'clock in the evening, then do not eat at all, and will not eat breakfast until 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. This is the beginning.

After that, you can start 18/6: eat only two meals a day, finish eating within 6 hours, and skip food at all for the remaining 18 hours. I now have 5 days a week to do 18/6: the first morning/noon every day Lunch is at noon, dinner is at 6 o'clock, and there is no food at all for the next 18 hours, not even snacks.

In addition, I fast for 23 hours on two days a week, that is, I only eat one meal a day. Allowing the body to use most of the sugar and fat stored in the body is very good for health.

This is the latest and most popular method of healthy eating. The purpose is to prevent the body from producing too much insulin, allowing the body to consume stored sugars and fats to achieve weight loss and completely cure diabetes. After fasting for more than ten hours, the cells of the body start autophagy. The cells will eat bad cells in the body by themselves, thereby renewing the cells of the body, which is very good for the body. You can do some research on the Internet. The 2016 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to a Japanese doctor who studies this aspect.

Fasting should also be added to a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. This diet has many research reports showing that it is the best method.

During the fast, I can drink coffee, tea and water, so I just drink a cup of coffee in the morning, with organic butter in the coffee. Chinese food at 12 o’clock and dinner at 6 pm. I eat mainly meat (beef, pork, Chicken) and fish (sardines, salmon), also eat a few eggs and avocado (Avocado) and vegetables, use a lot of olive oil, high-fat foods that were not daring to eat before can be eaten, including organic butter, bacon, Cheese, but don’t eat cereals (rice, noodles, bread, etc.) high-carbohydrate foods at all. My diet is called Ketodiet (ketogenic), and intermittent fasting will make you lose weight in a short time And began to cure diabetes and other patients.

His website

How does autophagy treat cancer

The human body is composed of countless cells. These cells divide, metabolize, grow, or repair damage. These phenomena are all controlled by certain genes. When these genes are damaged, the abnormal proteins they produce will drive cells to proliferate and differentiate abnormally. They accumulate in the body to form "tumors." Tumors are divided into benign and malignant. Among them, malignant tumors are called cancers. Cancer cells can even destroy surrounding tissues and metastasize.

Autophagy is an important system that maintains a constant protein in the cell, which can eliminate abnormal proteins, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of tumors. However, studies have found that when cancer cells are formed, many growing and replicating cancer cells will initiate autophagy to resist the pressure of the surrounding environment, such as hypoxia, starvation or treatment with anti-cancer drugs. Recent studies have shown that during the process of cancer cells metastasis to other tissues, the highly activated autophagy can help cancer cells adapt to the environment of blood or other tissues. The detailed mechanism and the reasons for these phenomena have yet to be clarified.

Cancer treatment for autophagy has always been the goal of scientists' efforts. If it can enhance or inhibit autophagy, it may be helpful to fight cancer. Quinine, currently used clinically to treat malaria, is an inhibitor of autophagy. Combining quinine with commonly used chemotherapy and target drugs to inhibit the autophagy ability of cancer cells appears to be quite effective initially.

Autophagy causes myocardial damage

There are many causes of cardiovascular disease. At present, it is known that cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial ischemia reperfusion, arteriosclerosis, etc. are related to autophagy. Under normal circumstances, heart cells can use autophagy to break down damaged organelles and obtain energy through this. It also avoids the damage of reactive oxygen species due to damage to mitochondria, eliminates old proteins, and maintains the heart The stability of the intracellular environment. However, because autophagy plays a dual role at the same time, if the autophagy is performed excessively, it will cause the cells to die and evolve into pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which will cause angina, dyspnea, water belly and other symptoms.

Studies have pointed out that cardiac hypertrophy caused by autophagy can also lead to heart failure, which is more serious with age. The high fatality rate in cardiovascular diseases includes acute myocardial infarction. Early blood vessel reperfusion after infarction is the most important treatment method, but ischemia reperfusion injury can easily lead to heart failure and arrhythmia. Studies have confirmed that this phenomenon is closely related to the autophagy of cardiomyocytes. Autophagy has a protective effect during the ischemic phase, but during the reperfusion phase, autophagy can cause myocardial damage.

Lack of autophagy can easily cause neurodegenerative diseases

The brain and spinal cord are composed of neuronal cells. These neuronal cells have a special structure that can quickly and accurately send messages to other cells through electrochemical signals to control various biological functions, such as regulating autonomy and non-autonomy Movement, processing of external information, coordination of various tissues and organs, and decision making, etc. Generally speaking, neuronal cells have poor regenerative ability. Once they are damaged and die, they will cause irreversible loss of nerve function, which will lead to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s dance Disease and so on.

Exploring the relationship between autophagy and neurodegenerative diseases is based on experiments in mice. Researchers have found that when neuronal cells lack autophagy, mice will have defects in motor function, such as abnormal limb clasping, reflexes, and Reduction of coordinated movement, etc.

In addition, in these nerve cells lacking autophagy, there are many proteins that cannot be eliminated, which can poison the nerve cells and even lead to death, such as the above-mentioned amyloid beta in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The alpha-synuclein protein in the disease and the polyglutamate-containing protein in Huntington’s disease. These toxic proteins cannot be removed smoothly, which may be due to a problem with the autophagy regulation mechanism in the nerve cells of the patient.

Autophagy protects against pathogen invasion

 Autophagy is activated under different pressures or stimuli. For cells, infection is also a stimulus. Virus and bacterial infection are important causes of human disease or death. Many studies have confirmed that autophagy can be used as a defense mechanism for bacteria and viruses to protect host cells. Autophagy can eliminate the bacteria that exist in the cell. The pathogens in the cell are like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After being swallowed by macrophages, they can survive and replicate in the host cell by inhibiting the maturation of the phagosome. At this time, the role of autophagy is to overcome the inhibition of mycobacteria on the maturation of phagosomes, making mycobacteria unable to survive in host cells, and reducing the chance of tuberculosis.

In addition, it was also found that autophagy can eliminate group A streptococci that escaped to the cytoplasm after being phagocytosed, and can identify damaged Salmonella inclusion bodies, and then wrap the typhoid bacillus and eliminate it. Although autophagy can help host cells eliminate bacteria, it is currently known that some bacteria in cells can survive and replicate without being eliminated by autophagy, such as Shigella flexneri and Listeria.

Autophagy also uses different modes of action to play a role in fighting viruses. When fighting the virus, the cell will produce the first type interferon to inhibit the replication of the virus. Scientists have discovered for the first time that when the vesicular stomatitis virus infects the cell, the autophagosome can help the cell identify the virus particle, and then induce the first type of antiviral interference Inhibit the virus. In addition, autophagy will also express viral proteins in infected cells to the cell surface, allowing patrolling immune cells to discover and then clear the infected cells to reduce the chance of other cells being infected.

Of course, just like fighting against bacteria in cells, autophagosomes can also encapsulate viruses in them, and then use enzymes in lysosomes to eliminate virus proteins or genetic molecules to inhibit virus replication, such as against herpes viruses. On the other hand, some viruses use autophagy to promote their growth and replication in cells, such as dengue fever virus, herpes zoster virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, etc. It can be seen that autophagy plays different roles in the growth and replication of different pathogens.

Autophagy induces immune antibody production

The autophagy pathway or the unique function of autophagy proteins can regulate the operation of the immune system of organisms,

 but the relationship between them is complicated. 

Autophagy can induce the production of antibodies through the interaction with immune signal molecules, 

help the release of cytokines, activate lymphocytes and immune cells, 

increase inflammation and other immune functions, 

and can also resist the invasion of foreign pathogens or perform tissue repair, etc. . 

Autophagy can also negatively regulate the activation of immune cells to prevent excessive immune response from causing the body to become unable to load or cause diseases.

On the other hand, the signals released by immune cells can also induce or inhibit the occurrence of autophagy, 

thereby helping other cells to eliminate old organelle proteins or eliminate pathogens. 

On the whole, autophagy and immune and inflammatory reactions can be regulated and influenced each other. Therefore, 

if one of them has problems, it may lead to diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease, asthma, autoimmune disease Lupus erythematosus, ulcerative enteritis, etc.

Will bulletproof coffee block the autophagy effect of fasting?

In fact, quite a few people use bulletproof coffee for fasting. At this time, it is easy to ask whether bulletproof coffee will block fasting (the autophagy effect of stopping fasting).

The answer is not necessarily, but generally speaking, under the normal formula, the effect is not big.

If you drink a large cup of bulletproof coffee, more than 300~400 calories, yes, this will stop the body's autophagy effect, but if you are a tablespoon of cream, MCT oil or coconut oil, the effect is not big. Theoretically, it will not affect, but everyone’s situation is different, and there will still be the following variables.

1. Total calories: After taking a certain level of calories, the body will stop autophagy.

2. Health status: Young people are not the same as old people. When young, the body is prone to autophagy.

3. Exercise can drive the autophagy effect: the premise is that if it can recover, otherwise it will only accumulate cortisol.

4. Duration of fasting: The longer the fasting time, the better the effect.

5. Insulin: When the body secretes insulin, it starts to block the autophagy effect

Summary: If you are in a normal state and drink a cup of bulletproof coffee with a normal formula, the impact should not be significant. You can test it yourself. How to confirm whether the autophagy effect is working?

"See if the skin gets better"

P.S. In addition, vitamin D has a very good effect on autophagy, so please spend more time in the sun (fat sun exposure will produce vitamin D)